A group of scientists from Denmark and Belgium (Peinkhofer, Martial, Cassol, Laureys and Kondziella) suggested that near-death experiences (NDEs) have a biological origin and are associated with a natural reaction that manifests itself in some animals. This is a defense mechanism called thanatosis, which is triggered when an organism finds itself in a dangerous situation. When thanatosis is engaged, the living creature freezes, pretending to be dead in order to scare off a predator avoiding carrion.
Researchers have proven that this feature is genetically preserved in all species, including humans. However, the evolution and complexity of the human brain have altered the stereotypical behavior (for example, a beetle simply freezes in an unnatural position) to more sophisticated experiences with rich details.
Modern humans, in fact, have no natural enemies. Therefore, NDEs happen more often when interacting with a new type of predators: sexual criminals, armed robbers, terrorists, as well as inanimate objects – for example, cars in the instance of a road accident.
The authors conclude that humans have evolutionarily preserved brain mechanisms that include the imitation of death for self-defense. At the same time, it does not matter biologically whether the NDE is an involuntary or semi-conscious act. What is important is that the victim lies motionless to increase their chances of survival. Thus, thanatosis, according to the authors, is the evolutionary basis of NDE.
Interestingly, the researchers have also found a connection between NDEs and lucid dreams, thereby recognizing the common basis for states that we call phase states. They point out that in these cases, the connection between the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness, is also a genetic property.
The article was published on June 22, 2021 in the journal Brain Communications.
